Plant stomata facilitate efficient gas exchange and control water loss in plants throughout the course of their development.Through stomatal pores plants take in CO2 from the atmosphere for photosynthesis,resulting in O2 and H2O being released back into the atmosphere,which makes life on Earth possible.Hence,the density and distribution of stomata on the epidermis of photosynthetic organs are critical for overall plant growth and productivity.With the rise in global warming and harsher climatic conditions that threaten food security for future generations,understanding how stomatal density and distribution can be altered may serve as a valuable tool for the generation of crops that can withstand the adverse environmental conditions such as drought,flooding,extremes in temperature,and excessive salinity (Endo and Torii,2019).Temperature fluctuations constitute a critical environmental factor affecting the spatiotemporal development of plants,and seasonal fluctuations in temperature can greatly influence crop yield and productivity of agriculturally important plant species.
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