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首页> 中文期刊> 《山地学报》 >天山北坡三工河流域中山带森林发育与气候土壤的关系

天山北坡三工河流域中山带森林发育与气候土壤的关系

         
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It has important theoretical significance to the cause of arid region even the world forest belt to carry out the forest development characteristic and their relationship with climatic and soil facors in aird area. The forest distribution patterns development charateristic were confirmed by field survey and Remote Sense in Sangong River watershed, and the analysis of climate and soil factors on the forest development was carried out combining meteorological and soil data. The result shows that: (1) The forest belt was 1 510 m to 2 720 m, both the DBH and tree height showed a bimodal pattern along altitude. The two peaks of DBH were located at about 2 000 m and 2 550 m respectively, while the peaks of tree height at 2 100 m and 2 600 m, little higher than the DBH ( diameter at breast height). (2)the annual temperature in the forest belt showed linearity decline along the altitude increased, while the annual precipitation showed increase first then decline, and came to the climax at 2 150 m. Compared to other forest area, the alpine timberline in Sangong river watershed was higher, little difference in mean temperature for the warmest month. The soil characteristic took on regular change along the altitude increase. The forest developed better between 2 000 to 2 700 m, which organic matter, total phosphorus and total nitrogen than other altitudes. The minimum of CaCO3, pH value and the electrical conductivity just located at the the maximum precipitation belt. The content of soil organic matter, total phosphorus and total nitrogen at layer A(0 -10 cra)were significant differences of layer B( 10- 30 cm) and layer C( ＞ 30 cm) ,which revealed that the soil nutrients have significant surface convergence phenomenon and the soil-forming conditions act on the shallow layer. The CaCO3, pH value and the electrical conductivity took no significant differences between each layer. (3)The environmental factors controlling the forest distribution pattern and its pattern were the combined effects of altitude, precipitation, temperature and soil nutrition. Comparing the change of DBH to environmental factors along altitude and correlating them by variance analysis revealed that soil nutrition was the key factor of controlling growth and development of Picea schrenkiana,and the ecology factor status were soil nutrition ＞ precipitation ＞ altitude ＞ temperature.%开展干旱区山地森林发育状况及其土壤因素影响的分析,对干旱区乃至全球山地森林带的成因研究具有重要的理论意义.以天山北坡三工河流域为研究区,主要利用森林调杳与遥感影像数据,确定该流域森林带的分布状况,并结合流域气象与土壤采样数据,莺点分析气候土壤因素对森林发育的影响.结果表明:1.该流域森林带位于海拔1 510～2 720 m,胸径与树高随海拔增加呈双峰曲线;其中胸径两个峰值分别位于约海拔2 000 m与2 550m,而树高峰值分别为海拔2 100 m与2 600 m,均稍高于胸径的峰值海拔高度;2.在森林带内,年均温随海拔高度增加旱线性下降趋势,最冷月均温(1月)则表现先增加后减小趋势;与其他地区相比,该流域高山林线年均温较高,最冷月均温棚筹较大,而最热月均温差异不明显;年降水量呈先增加后减小的趋势,且在海拔2 000 m左右达到最大值.土壤属性随海拔递增呈规律性的变化趋势:森林带内海拔约2 000～2 700 m树木发育较好,其有机质、全磷及令氮含量较高;CaCO3,pH值及电导率最小值与海拔2 000 m的最大降水带恰好吻合;土壤A层(0～10 cm)有机质、全磷及全氮含量与B(10～30 cm)、C(>30 cm)层差异显著,表明营养物质"表聚现象"明显,成土条件作用于土壤的深度较浅,而CaCO3,pH值与电导率各层间差异不显著.3.森林带分布格局是山降水、温度、海拔以及土壤营养等因索综合控制,方筹分析表明土壤理化性质为限制森林带内雪岭云杉生长发育的主导凶子,各生态因子对森林发育影响的作用地化为:土壤营养>降水>海拔>温度.

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