Nitride content in soil in mining area is abnormally high and the water nearby is badly polluted due to the use of large amounts of ammonium as a leaching agent during mining south ion-type rare earth. Through the establishment of experimental model of soil column and the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen content in soil at different times in different depth, the temporal distribution characteristics of nitrides in the soil of south ion-type rare earth is studied. The results show that, under the condition of different water baths, surface soil ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen in rare earth content reduce significantly, while nitrate-nitrogen content changes little. In deeper soil, the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and total nitrogen remain unchanged low and the concentration of nitrate-nitrogen changes little as well, which implies that ammonium ions leaching are the main pollution form of soil and groundwater. These results will provide theoretical and technological foundation to control nitrides pollution in south ion-type of rare-earth and water body efficiently.%由于南方离子型稀土在开采中使用大量铵盐作为浸矿剂，导致矿区土壤中氮化物含量严重超标，附近水体严重污染。通过建立土柱实验模型，测定不同时期不同深度稀土土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮和总氮的含量，研究了稀土土壤中氮化物的空间分布特征。实验结果表明，在不同淋洗水量条件下，表层稀土土壤中铵态氮和总氮含量降低明显，而硝态氮含量变化不明显，但深层土壤中铵态氮和总氮含量低且基本保持不变，硝态氮含量也没有明显变化。表明铵根离子的淋失是土壤和地下水污染的主要形式。研究结果为有效控制南方尤其是赣南离子型稀土矿土壤及水体氮化物污染奠定理论与技术基础。
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