Objective to understand and grasp the rule and trend of the change of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region popula-tion development, and concern the important areas and the population, and provide basic data and scientific basis for scientific research and population decision. Methods: Using 2000, 2010 Chinese population census data and IBM SPSS19.0 statistical software, computed the index such as population quantity,population growth rate and sex ratio,and compared difference among the different years,regions and crowds. Results:Compared with 2000,1.3823 million of population totally increased,namely 138000 population annually ,the average annual growth rate is 0.56% in 2010 in the Inner Mongolia. The total population sex ratio of 108.19,sex ratio at birth of 111.96 in 2010 in Inner Mongolia ,is beyond the normal range;55.54% urbanization rate of Inner Mongolia are higher than 49.70% of national wide , and exist the national and ethnical differences. Conclusion:In recent 10 years,Inner Mongolia autonomous region has a certain population growth; Different population grows at different region. Sex ratio of population also have certain differences;The urbanization of Inner Mongolia is high level ,but the degree of urbanization showed regions,ages and ethnic differences,especially the urbanization of Mongolian population needs to be further improved.%目的：了解和掌握内蒙古自治区人口发展变化的规律和趋势，为学术研究和人口工作战略决策的制定提供基础数据和科学依据。方法利用2000年、2010年人口普查资料，采用IBM SPSS19.0统计软件，计算人口数、人口增长率及性别比等指标，并进行不同时间、地区和人群的比较。结果与2000年内蒙古自治区普查结果相比，内蒙古2010年总人口数增加了138.23万人，平均每年增加13.8万人，年均人口增长率为0.58%；2010年内蒙古自治区总人口的性别比为108.19，出生性别比为111.96，超出了正常范围；内蒙古地区城镇化比例为55.54%，高于全国整体水平49.70%，且存在民族和地区差异。结论近10年来，内蒙古自治区人口有一定的增长；不同地区的人口增长程度不同，人口性别比也有一定的差异；内蒙古自治区城镇化程度较高，但地区、年龄、民族的城镇化程度存在差异，尤其是蒙古族人口的城镇化有待进一步提高。
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