中子解谱是中子探测的一项关键技术.利用液体闪烁体探测器求解中子能谱本质上是核物理领域的一个反演问题.简要介绍了液体闪烁体探测器结构及工作过程,概述了基于该类探测器的中子能谱求解原理,重点对各种解谱方法进行了数学描述,对其求解过程进行了归纳总结,最后指出了中子能谱求解方法的发展趋势.%Neutron spectrum unfolding based on the response function of the liquid scintillation detectors is a key technique in the field of neutron detection and by its nature is an inverse problem involving nuclear physics.The structure and the working process of liquid scintillators have been presented and the basic principle of neutron spectrum unfolding using liquid scintillators has been illustrated. In addition, the mathematical description of each unfolding method and the outlined solving steps are summarized. At the end, the development trend of neutron spectrum unfolding is prospected.
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