国际石油界从石油天然气发展与许多事故中认识到建立和应用井筒完整性的必要性、重要性.挪威NORSOK D-010标准说明了井筒完整性的定义,被国际石油界推崇和应用,成为比较公认的井筒完整性标准.用完整性的"四个特性"和图解对井筒完整性进行了分析解释.井筒屏障是实现井筒完整性的关键,对井筒屏障及其组件的结构与功能进行了深入研究,主要功能:一是防止地层流体在未控制的情况下外泄或窜入另一个地层的风险;二是保护油气资源、地下水和环境.采用2幅典型图例说明了井筒屏障在作业中的功能与结构组成.指出了井筒完整性与井筒屏障在安全作业中容易发生的主要问题,对策是完善井筒完整性与井筒屏障标准化、规范化,并从技术上、作业与操作上、组织管理上加强对全生命周期各施工作业的一体化设计、提高技术水平和工程质量、实行全程全方位监测和组织措施等.%International petroleum industry has learnt the necessity and significance of wellbore integrity establishment and applica-tion from the oil and natural gas development and many accidents. The definition of wellbore integrity is described in the Norway stan-dard NORSOK D-010, and this definition is appraised highly and applied in international petroleum industry and is widely recognized as the wellbore integrity standard. In this paper, the wellbore integrity was analyzed and illustrated by using the "four properties" and diagrams of integrity. Wellbore barrier is the key to the realization of wellbore integrity. The wellbore barrier and its components were studied thoroughly from the aspects of structure and function. It mainly has two functions. First, it can prevent the risk that the uncon-trolled formation fluid drains or channels into another formation. And second, it can protect oil and gas resources, underground water and environments. The functions and structures of wellbore barrier were illustrated based on two typical diagrams. The main problems that wellbore integrity and wellbore barrier tend to suffer during the safe operation were pointed out. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to complete the standardization and normalization of wellbore integrity and wellbore barrier, enhance the integrated design on each operation in the full life cycle from the aspects of technology, operation and organization management, improve technical level and engineering quality, implement all-around monitoring and organization in the whole process, etc.
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