污垢广泛存在于工业管道中,造成管道过流面积减小,输送能耗增大,严重时出现堵管现象,威胁着生产和安全.通过对污垢的种类及形成过程进行研究,总结了污垢热学监测法和非传热学监测法的原理及特点,综述了几种便携式管道污垢热阻监测装置及其适用范围.研究发现,热学法均难以实现连续、实时的在线监测,对污垢定量研究较少,测量结果的可信度较差;非传热学方法目前处于实验室研究阶段,现场应用少,其中超声波时域反射法测量原理简单、精度高、适用材料广,具有良好的发展前景,但受到噪声信号干扰,信号处理难度大,对测试的条件和装置要求比较苛刻.因此,进一步探究污垢监测原理、完善实验方法、将数据采集与污垢监测技术相结合是今后的研究方向.%Fouling is widely found in industrial pipelines, which decreases pipeline open area, in-creases energy consumption, blocks pipes and threatens production and safety. Through studying the type and forming process of fouling, the principles and characteristics of thermal monitoring methods and non thermal transfer monitoring methods are summarized. It also sums up several kinds of portable pipeline fouling thermal resistance monitoring devices and points out their application scope. The re-search shows that all thermal methods are hard to achieve continuous and real-time monitoring, and have less quantitative research of fouling and poor credibility of monitoring results. Non thermal trans-fer methods mainly apply in laboratory with a little field application, and among them the UTDR method has simple monitoring principle, high precision, wide suitable materials and good develop-ment prospects.However,this method is easy to be interfered by noise signals,which brings difficul-ty to deal with the signals and requires severer testing conditions and devices. Therefore, future re-searches should further study the fouling monitoring principle, improve experimental methods and combine data collection with fouling monitoring technologies.
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