In the process of oil production, wax deposition often occurs on the pipe wall and impedes the normal production in the oilfield. Magnetic paraffin control is a highly effi-cient and clean method for wax inhibition and viscosity reduction of crude oil,but its mecha-nism is still not clarified until now.In order to reveal the microscopic mechanism of magnetic paraffin control, the energy transition mechanism of magnetic treatment has been investigated based on magnetic-field-induced molecular reorientation mechanism.Furthermore,the ef-fect of magnetic field on the orientation of paraffin molecules was also analyzed.Results show that diamagnetic anisotropy is the reason that macromolecular wax could respond to magnetic treatment.In addition,the ordered structure of paraffin molecules can enhance magnetic ef-fect of molecular reorientation significantly. Magnetic orientation can produce three kinds of effects,that is,reduce the wax crystal granularity,orientation arrangement and form the or-derly flow of oil flow,etc.A combination of these three aspects will be significant inhibiting the production of wax crystal network structure, which results in the gelation temperature decrease,low temperature crude oil liquidity increased.%采油生产过程中油管内壁极易结蜡结垢，清防蜡一直是困扰油田正常生产的技术难题。磁防蜡作为一种节能高效的原油防蜡技术，在油田防蜡降黏方面得到了越来越广泛的应用，但是原油磁防蜡的机理至今仍未明确。为揭示原油磁防蜡的微观作用机理，在“磁致分子取向”机理的基础上，探讨磁场作用于原油时的能量转化机制，并据此研究磁场对原油中蜡分子的取向作用规律。结果表明：分子抗磁各向异性是原油中的高分子蜡成分能够响应磁场作用的根源，而蜡分子的有序聚集结构又显著增强了磁场对蜡的取向作用。磁取向作用能够产生三种效应，即减小蜡晶的粒度、取向排列及形成“有序流动”的油流等。这三个方面的共同作用会显著抑制蜡晶网络结构的生成，从而导致原油的胶凝温度降低及低温流动性增强。
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