Scientific data return with the help of laser communication is a promising way in deep-space exploration. The United States has begun to carry out research work about deep-space laser communication (DSLC). However, our country has not yet had any reports. In this situation, the article takes Mars to earth's DSLC as the research object. According to the analysis of external constraint conditions, design principles of two important systems, which consist of the communication and APT subsystems, is proposed and in-depth design of critical parameters has been carried out. Subsequently, accurate pointing and tracking concept based on celestial body imaging is ideated. Promising scheme of DSLC is put forward for the first time in our country.%在深空探测中利用激光进行科学数据的回传是一种极具潜力的方式,美国已经着手开展这方面的研究工作,在国内尚未有任何报道,针对这种情况,以火星对地球深空激光通信为研究对象,在对外部约束条件进行了分析的基础上,提出了通信分系统和捕获、跟踪、瞄准(APT)分系统两大分系统的设计原则,并对系统关键参数进行了详细设计,在此基础上提出了一种基于自然天体成像的捕获和对准概念,作为国内对深空激光通信整体方案的首次初探.
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