介绍了一种等面积分流小孔电火花加工方法,分析了等面积电极放电的电火花加工过程,研究了在等面积电极条件下,等面积单电极与分流多电极加工对加工速度、电极损耗、放电间隙的影响并进行了验证性试验.研究结果表明:小孔分流法加工与单电极加工相比,加工速度略有减小、放电间隙略有变小、电极损耗略有增加,加工效果具有一致性,而且分流法电火花加工有利于小孔电火花加工的尺寸控制.通过等面积分流法改变加工工艺,用电火花机床稳定加工参数进行了比机床稳定加工临界值尺寸还小的小孔加工,试验中采用单电极1 mm×1 mm(总面积为1 mm~2)的稳定加工指标,进行等面积分流为3个电极0.577 mm×0.577 mm(总面积为1 mm~2)的小孔加工,获得了稳定电火花加工的0.6 mm×0.6 mm小方孔,表明提出的方法是一种有效的小孔电火花加工方法.%A new method of Electrical Discharge Machining(EDM) for smallholes was presented, in which the critical value of machining could be less than that generated by a primitive EDM system. The characters of smallhole EDM in an area equalization by the current dividing were studied,and the effects of the current dividing on the drilling speed,electrode wear and the discharge gap were researched. Research results provide a deeper understanding for the smallhole EDM in area equalization by the current dividing. Experiments to verify the stability and feasibility of the EDM in area equalization by the current dividing were carried out and experimental results show that the drilling speed and discharge gap decrease a little and the electrode wear increases slightly. Moreover, there is a consistency in process effect between single and double electrodes, which is conductive to the control of a dimension precision. Finally,a 0.6 mm×0.6 mm square is obtained through the current dividing using the process parameters of 1 mm×1 mm in the signal electrode EDM, which proves that the method in EDM by the current dividing is effective for the smallhole machining.
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