In order to improve the fire accuracy of machine gun, taking the certain type machine gun barrel as research objective, the finite element modeling of the barrel was established, at the same time the barrel multi-object optimization model was established which taking intensity and weight as optimum target. On the basis of structure optimization and multi-object design demand of the barrel, the multi-object optimization design on the barrel was done by the method combined with finite element and multi-object genetic algorithm, and the structural optimization design is achieved. The test results show that the inherent frequency of the barrel increased 12.9 percent and the most dependent variable was decreased 19.59 percent after optimization, the combination property of barrel is increased obviously.% 为了提高武器的射击精度，以某型机枪枪管为研究对象，建立枪管的有限元分析模型和以刚度与重量为目标的枪管多目标优化模型。该模型基于对枪管结构优化的分析以及枪管设计时的多目标要求，采用多目标遗传算法与有限元计算相结合的优化算法对枪管进行多目标优化，获得了枪管结构优化方案。实验结果表明：优化后枪管的固有频率提高了12.9%，最大应变量则减小了19.59%，枪管的综合性能有所提高。
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