Closely connected China⁃ASEAN relations and ASEAN regionalism is an important subject in China diplomacy, as well as in regionalism. In recent years, with the changes in the international situation in the Asia⁃Pacific region, the relationship between the two sides has emerged new features, new challen⁃ges, so it needs more comprehensive and in⁃depth analysis. This is especially true at the moment when the Asia⁃Pacific region is undergoing constant and dramatic changes, with distinctive features. By analyzing the“duality” of China⁃ASEAN relations, this article reviews ASEAN�s perceptions on China and the strategic trends of ASEAN regionalism. It also analyzes the most crucial factors that affect ASEAN�s perception of China . The study sought to explicitly illustrate the logic of regionalism embedded in China⁃ASEAN relations through the case study of the South China Sea issue, therefore, it depicted the behaviors, positions and di⁃vergences of ASEAN states on the South China Sea issue, and explained the severe challenges ASEAN re⁃gionalism faced with and the adjustments ASEAN had made as a response to such challenges. The interac⁃tion between ASEAN regionalism and China⁃ASEAN relations presents a long⁃term non⁃lineal process. Ob⁃servation of such interaction from ASEAN�s perspectives will render insights on China⁃ASEAN relations, based on which China may choose appropriate policy that helps improve China⁃ASEAN relations further.%中国－东盟关系和东盟地区主义的紧密相连是中国外交、也是地区主义研究的重要课题，近年来，随着亚太地区国际形势的转变，二者关系出现了新特征、新挑战，需要得到更全面更深入的考察。本文从中国－东盟关系发展的“双重性”特征出发，阐述东盟对华认知及相应的地区主义战略取向，归纳出其最重要的影响因素；随后，为了更清楚地说明中国－东盟关系包含的地区主义逻辑，本文以南海问题为例，阐述了东盟在南海问题上的行为和立场，并通过描述东盟内部分歧，论证了东盟地区主义面临的严峻挑战，及其随之做出的反应式调整。中国－东盟关系与东盟地区主义的相互作用是长期、复杂的过程，本文将从东盟视角透视其近期特征，并由此推想出中国－东盟关系的前景，为中国的应有对策提供参考。
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