The customary maritime rights of traditional fishermen are recognized and respected by social communities and confirmed by national policies.However,legislation in our country does not provide fish-ermen institutional arrangement or distinctive regulations between commercial and livelihood fishing,which puts traditional fishermen’s maritime rights in an awkward condition of“semi-legal rights”.Starting from reviewing traditional fishermen’s demand for maritime rights,this essay carefully defines the meanings of traditional fishermen and marine rights,further seeks to demonstrate their nature of independence,proper-ty,human rights,and individuality,reveals their legal position in terms of public law,and provides theo-retical support for the protection of traditional fishermen’s maritime rights.%传统渔民利用海域谋生的“习惯性”权利，长期以来既得到社会共同体的尊重、认同，又得到国家政策的许可。不过，我国立法并未采纳渔业权渔业的制度安排，也没有对生计渔业和商业渔业做出区别性规定，致使传统渔民用海权处于一种“准法定权利”的尴尬状态。本文从审视传统渔民用海权的诉求出发，界定传统渔民及其用海权的内涵，进而尝试从公法角度阐释其独立性、财产性、人权性和人身性特征，准确定位其法律性质，为保障传统渔民用海权提供理论支持。
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