A Comparison of Five Different Techniques to Determine Hydraulic Conductivity of a Riparian Soil in North Bavaria, Germany

Edzard HANGEN; Friedhelm VIETEN

摘要

Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is a predominant input factor when forecasting the vertical transport of contaminants through the soil or when estimating the flood retention capacity of the soil.Displacement of contaminants in the soil over extended periods of time can be attributed mainly to matrix flow,whereas flow through macropores becomes significant under untypically wet conditions,e.g.,during spills or rain storms.To obtain matrix conductivities for a soil,the effects of macropores should be excluded.However,the Ks values of a soil profile are unlikely to be reflected solely by pedotransfer tables based on soil texture and bulk density.In this study,we examined five different methods (pedotransfer table,soil core,borehole permeameter,particle-size distribution curve,and instantaneous profile) to determine Ks values for a mercury-contaminated riparian soil for subsequent simulation of longterm mercury displacement toward groundwater.We found that the determined Ks values increased in the following order:borehole permeameter ＜ particle-size distribution curve ＜ pedotransfer table ＜ instantaneous profile ＜ soil core.The instantaneous profile method yielded Ks values of matrix flow,which additionally reflected the structure-related features of Ks values as provided by the soil core method.Despite being labor intensive and requiring expensive field sensors,the instantaneous profile method may provide the best representative in-situ Ks values for the studied site.

机译：当预测污染物在土壤中的垂直迁移或估算土壤的洪水保持能力时，土壤饱和导水率（Ks）是主要的输入因子。污染物在土壤中的长期位移主要归因于基质流量，而在非典型的潮湿条件下，例如在溢漏或暴雨期间，通过大孔的流量会变得很大。要获得土壤的基质电导率，应排除大孔的影响。但是，土壤剖面的Ks值不太可能是本研究中，我们研究了五种不同的方法（pedotransfer表，土壤芯，钻孔渗透率，粒径分布曲线和瞬时剖面）来确定汞的Ks值。受污染的河岸土壤，用于随后模拟长期汞向地下水的迁移。我们发现确定的Ks值按以下顺序增加：钻孔渗透率＜粒度分布曲线＜脚踏传递表＜瞬时剖面＜土心瞬时剖面法产生基体流动的Ks值，进一步反映了由Ks值提供的结构相关特征尽管需要大量人力并需要昂贵的现场传感器，但瞬时剖面法仍可为研究地点提供最佳的代表性原位Ks值。

A Comparison of Five Different Techniques to Determine Hydraulic Conductivity of a Riparian Soil in North Bavaria, Germany

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