Heavy Metals,Phosphorus and Some Other Elements in Urban Soils of Hangzhou City,China

ZHANG Ming-Kui; KE Zi-Xia

摘要

Health implications of inhaling and/or ingesting dust particles with high concentrations of heavy metals from urban soils are a subject of intense concern. Understanding the geochemistry of these metals is key to their effective management. Total concentrations of heavy metals,phosphorus (P) and 8 other elements from topsoil samples collected at 82 locations in Hangzhou City were measured to:a) assess their distribution in urban environments; and b) understand their differentiation as related to land use. Metal mobility was also studied using a three-step sequential chemical fractionation procedure. About 8.5%,1.2%,3.6%,11.0% and 30.3% of the soil samples had Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,and Zn concentrations,respectively,above their allowable limits for public and private green areas and residential use. However,in commercial and industrial areas,most samples had metal concentrations below their allowable limits. Statistical analyses revealed that the 16 measured elements in urban soils could be divided into four groups based on natural or anthropic sources using a hierarchical cluster analysis. Additionally,Cu,Pb,and P showed similar spatial distributions with significant pollution in commercial zones,suggesting vehicle traffic or commercial activities as dominant pollutant sources. Also,Cd,Co,Cr,Ni,Zn,Mn and Fe had the highest concentrations in industrial locations,signifying that industrial activities were the main sources of these seven metals. Moreover,the data highlighted land-use as a major influence on heavy metal concentrations and forms found in topsoils with large proportions of soil Cd,Co,Cr,and Ni found in residual fractions and soil Cu,Pb and Zn mainly as extractable fractions.

机译：强烈关注从城市土壤中吸入和/或摄入高浓度重金属的粉尘颗粒对健康的影响。了解这些金属的地球化学是对其有效管理的关键。测量杭州市82个地点表土样品中的重金属，磷（P）和其他8种元素的总浓度，以进行以下测量：a）评估其在城市环境中的分布; b）了解与土地利用有关的差异。还使用三步顺序化学分馏程序研究了金属迁移率。分别有约8.5％，1.2％，3.6％，11.0％和30.3％的土壤样品中Cd，Cr，Cu，Pb和Zn的浓度均超过了公共和私人绿地和住宅使用的允许极限。但是，在商业和工业领域，大多数样品的金属浓度都低于其允许极限。统计分析表明，使用分层聚类分析，可以根据自然或人为来源将城市土壤中的16种测量元素分为四类。此外，Cu，Pb和P在商业区中表现出相似的空间分布和严重污染，建议车辆交通或商业活动为主要污染物源。另外，Cd，Co，Cr，Ni，Zn，Mn和Fe在工业场所中的浓度最高，表明工业活动是这七种金属的主要来源。此外，数据强调了土地利用是对表土中重金属浓度和形态的主要影响，其中残留部分中的土壤Cd，Co，Cr和Ni所占比例很大，而土壤Cu，Pb和Zn主要作为可提取部分。

Heavy Metals,Phosphorus and Some Other Elements in Urban Soils of Hangzhou City,China

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