Since the concept of magnetic monopoles was presented by Dirac ,scientists have been trying to find it .Researches in theory were conducted deeply ,but scientists still can't find the evidence of their existence in the experiment . This paper introduced the presentation , unit and nature of magnetic monopoles from the perspective of sym metry of Maxwell's equations and charge quantization . And introduced the exploration of magnetic monopoles in experiments .Scientists had observed quasi-particle of magnetic monopoles in the spin ice after the two famous experiments in history .%磁单极子的概念自狄拉克提出以来，科学家一直都在努力寻找。虽然在理论上进行了深入的研究，但是在实验中，迄今仍然没能找到它们存在的确凿证据。文章从麦克斯韦方程组的对称性及电荷量子化的角度介绍了磁单极子的提出，磁单极子的单位及性质。并介绍了关于磁单极子的实验探索，除了历史上著名的两次实验外，科学家还在自旋冰中观察到磁单极子的“准粒子”。
展开▼
