在第二次人口转变的背景下,大量研究发现欧美人群的人格特征与生育行为之间存在稳定的关联.为考察中国人的人格特征与生育行为之间的关系,本文利用2013年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)的数据,系统分析人格特征对结婚可能性、初婚年龄、生育可能性以及子女数量的影响.研究发现外向性、神经质和宜人性人格倾向对生育行为有正向的影响力,而尽责性和开放性人格倾向对生育行为有负向的影响力,其中神经质人格倾向和生育行为的关系模式与基于欧美人群的研究所发现的关系模式截然相反.人格特征与生育行为之间的关系模式具有高度的环境依赖性,中国人的生育行为所承载的意义可能远比欧美人群错综复杂,神经质人格倾向和生育行为之间的关系模式可能与我国的社会传统文化存在一定关系.从性别差异来看,外向性人格倾向对男性的结婚可能性、初婚年龄、生育可能性以及子女数量具有显著的影响,但是仅对女性的结婚可能性具有显著影响.传统上"男主外女主内"的观念仍然代表了目前主流社会的观点,这可能会降低女性外向性倾向在择偶或生育中的影响力.将人格因素引入生育行为影响因素的研究有利于更加深入全面地认识生育行为.在未来的研究中需进一步探索如何将人格特征转变为生育行为预测研究中的有效指标.%Following the second demographic transition,a large number of studies have found that there is a stable correlation between personality traits and fertility behavior in European and American populations.To examine associations between personality traits and reproduce behavior in China,based on the data of CGSS in 2013,our research explored the affection of Big Five Model personality traits on probability of first marriage,age at first marriage,probability of first child and number of children through linear and logistic regression analysis.The results showed that high extraversion,high neuroticism and high agreeableness were associated with positive reproduce behavior,while high openness to experience and high conscien?tiousness correlated with negative reproduce behavior.Extroversion personality trait tended to have a signifi?cant predictive power for men's age at first marriage,probability of first child and number of children,but these effects not found in women.The findings demonstrate that personality traits of the Five Factor Model are systematically associated with multiple reproductive outcomes.Individual differences in psychological dispositions need to be considered in explanatory models of human fertility in contemporary China.
展开▼
