In this paper,we take an overseas waterway engineering surveying and mapping project as an example to discuss two major problems during the implementation of the project. They are the determination of the plane coordinate system and the elevation datum under the situation that the basic surveying material is lacking. This paper summarized the technical scheme,implementation plan,material processing and data analysis method that were adopted in the sample project. The results and conclusions can provide useful reference for the domestic surveyors in the similar surveying projects.%本文结合国外某水运工程测绘项目的实施，探讨了实施过程中，在测绘基础资料欠缺的情况下遇到的两大难题：平面坐标系统和高程基准的确立及实施。系统总结了项目实例中采用的技术方案、实施方案、内业处理和数据分析等技术，可为我国测绘人员在类似测绘项目的实施提供有益的参考。
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