公共电网如何消纳大量电动汽车充电负荷的接入，为电动汽车提供便捷可靠的能源补给，是电动汽车电能供给面临的重要问题之一。由于电动汽车充电负荷具有一定的积聚效应，对电网特别是供电终端配电网的运行会带来多方面的影响。引导电动汽车用户有序充电，对充电负荷进行有效管理是趋利避害的必要措施。对电动汽车充电需求的构成要素，以及影响电动汽车充电需求的关键因素进行了分析。提出了一种从充电负荷配置和充电需求引导两方面展开的电动汽车有序充电实施方案。结合电动汽车充电基础设施的不同设置模式，引入虚拟充电单元作为电网侧负荷配置的基本单位，建立了从电网优化运行到电动汽车充电终端的分层分布实施架构。%With the use of electric vehicles put into practice progressively, one primary problem that how the grid responds to the introduction of mass charging load of EV has drawn more and more attention. Due to the aggregation of charging load, random introduction of electric vehicle charging load may result in various effects on power grid especially distribution network of the power supply terminal. The composition of electric vehicles charging demand and the key influencing factors are analyzed firstly. In consideration of different power energy supply modes, the critical factors which affect electric vehicle charging demand is discussed too. Based on charging load management and charging demand, a method to carry out organized charging of electric vehicle is proposed. Combined with different setting modes of electric vehicles charging infrastructures, taking the virtual charging unit as one control cell of load configuration at power grid side, the hierarchical distribution implementation framework from power grid optimization operation to electric vehicles charging terminal is established.
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