Triple negative breast cancer is a special subtype of breast cancer , including basal -like breast cancer and unclassified breast cancer .Since it was defined in 2005 ,the differences from other subtypes in biological characteristics and poor prognosis of TNBC have became priorities and hotspots which are researched by epidemiologists ,pathologists and clinicians .According to the research ,the risk factors of TNBC include race ,obe-sity,age,women′s reproductive process,oral contraceptive use,physical activity,abortion history,family history, socio-economic factors and so on .This review focuses on race ,obesity,age,women′s reproductive process ,oral contraceptive use ,according to the latest research results of risk factors of TNBC ,helping healthy people get a bet-ter understanding of TNBC and preventing the incidence of TNBC ,suggesting clinicians combine the biological characteristics and epidemiological features and further instructing people to take precautions .This paper also pro-vides theoretical basis for researcher on the further investigaticans of the etiology of TNBC .%三阴性乳腺癌（Triple negative breast cancer，TNBC）是乳腺癌的一种特殊亚型，包括基底样型乳腺癌和未分类型乳腺癌。自从2005年被定义，TNBC在生物学特性上与其他亚型的差异、不良的预后情况就一直是流行病学家，病理学家及临床医生研究的重点与热点。 TNBC的易患因素包括种族、肥胖、年龄、女性生殖期口服避孕药、体育锻炼、流产史、家族史和社会经济因素等。本文主要就种族、肥胖、女性生殖期口服避孕药和年龄对三阴性乳腺癌的影响的最新研究成果进行综述，旨在加强健康女性对三阴性乳腺癌的认识与自我保健，提示临床医生将TNBC生物学特点与流行病学特点结合进行指导预防，为研究人员对TNBC的病因学进一步的研究提供更多的理论依据。
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