21世纪初期,3D打印技术在金属零部件制造的应用取得了重大突破,并开始应用于飞机、火箭等装备部分零部件的制造,这为该技术在武器装备维修中的应用提供了契机.为了探讨3D打印技术在武器装备维修中的应用,介绍了国内外3D打印技术的发展现状、基本原理及其分类.总结了目前公开发布3D打印机采用材料的种类及打印产品的最大尺寸,现有3D打印技术制作的零部件的最大尺寸可达立方米级,可以满足武器装备绝大部分零部件的制作需求.分析了目前武器装备维修存在的问题,以及3D打印技术在装备维修中应用的优势.探讨了3D打印技术在装备维修中的应用,包括在复杂结构件中、组合件一体化成型和复杂结构件维修中的应用,以及实物备份和3D打印设备相结合的新型保障模式,并总结了3D打印技术在装备维修应用中需要解决的技术问题.研究表明,3D打印技术在武器装备维修方面具有广阔的应用前景.%In the early 21 st century,the 3D printing technology achieved a major breakthrough in manufacturing metal parts,and started to be applied in manufacturing some of the parts for airplanes,rockets and etc.This provides 3D printing technology a valuable opportunity for the application in weapon equipment maintenance.In order to investigate the applications of 3D printing technology in maintenance of weapon and equipment,the current status of development,the basic principle and classification of 3D printing technology are introduced.The types of material used by 3D printer and the maximum sizes of the products printed that public released are summarized,it is concluded that the maximum sizes of the parts made by 3D printing technology can reach the level of cubic meters,so this can satisfy the requirements for most of the parts for weapon and equipment.The shortcomings of the methods adopted at present in weapon equipment maintenance and the superiority of 3D printing technology for its application in weapon equipment maintenance are analyzed.The applications of 3D printing technology in weapon equipment maintenance are discussed,including in producing complex components,the integrated molding of bonded block,and the maintenance of complex components.A novel model of weapon equipment maintenance based on the combination of duplicate components is presented.Finally,some of the technical issues which must be solved in weapon equipment maintenance are summed up.Research shows that 3D printing technology has a broad application prospect in weapons equipment maintenance.
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