膜电极是质子交换膜燃料电池最为重要的核心部件,其性能直接决定着燃料电池的性能.提高膜电极的性能和功率密度,对于推动燃料电池的商业化进程具有十分重要的意义.通常意义上的膜电极包括质子交换膜、阴极催化层、阳极催化层、阴极气体扩散层和阳极气体扩散层等5个基本单元(常常称之为五合一膜电极),气体扩散层又包括气体扩散材料层和微孔整平层;膜电极的性能取决于材料和制备技术两个方面,制备技术、膜电极的关键组成材料、铂载量都对膜电极的性能和功率密度具有重要影响.近年来,随着催化剂和质子交换膜等关键材料性能的提升,以及制备技术的进步,国内外膜电极的性能得到了大幅度的提升,丰田公司燃料电池的体积功率密度可高达3.2 kW/L.本文将主要从膜电极制备技术的角度(涉及催化剂层和气体扩散层的制备技术等)介绍近年来高性能高功率密度膜电极的研究发展情况,同时介绍国内外在降低膜电极铂载量和开发自增湿膜电极方面的研究进展.%Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the most important component of proton exchange membrance(PEM) fuel cell and it plays a crucial role for the performance of the fuel cell.High performance and high power density MEA is urgently desired for the commercialization of the fuel cell on a large scale.The conventional MEA is consist of proton exchange membrane,cathode/anode catalyst layer,cathode/anode gas diffusion layer(usually called five in one MEA),and the gas diffusion layer includes gas diffusion material and microporous layer.The performance of MEA depends on two aspects of materials and preparation technology.The preparation technology,the key component material of MEA and the platinum loading have an important influence on the performance and power density of MEA.In recent years,the performance of MEA has been greatly improved with the improvement of the key material (such as catalyst,proton exchange membrane) and the progress of preparation technology,and the volume power density of the Toyota Corporation can achieve as high as 3.2 kW/L.In this paper,the research progress of MEAs with high performance and high power density in recent years are introduced from the main views of MEA's preparation technology,involving the preparation technology of catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer.Meanwhile,the research progress are introduced in two aspects:reducing platinum loading and developing self-humidifying MEAs.
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