以颗粒膜为基础的乳液因广泛应用于油田、造纸、食品、化妆品、医药等领域而备受关注.本文归纳了在油水界面形成颗粒膜的颗粒密度、粒径及润湿性等特征,并阐述了颗粒在界面吸附扩散的行为.重点从颗粒垂直于界面的分配及方向,颗粒在界面内的排列及进一步形成的空间结构综述颗粒膜结构.总结了颗粒在界面的状态及颗粒膜结构的影响因素,并从能量及力学角度进行分析.颗粒膜对乳状液稳定性影响机制主要体现在颗粒膜的结构及界面黏弹性:颗粒膜的结构阻隔液滴之间的碰撞聚并,这是乳状液稳定的基础;同时,颗粒膜通过改变界面黏弹性使得液滴在运动、碰撞、絮凝时不会轻易崩溃,从而强化了乳状液的稳定性.固体颗粒为乳化剂形成颗粒膜稳定乳状液的机制探究为稳定乳状液制备以及乳状液的破乳提供理论依据,具有现实意义.最后,本文就颗粒膜稳定乳状液的机制研究展望了其未来发展方向及可能的解决途径.%Particle film (particulate film or granular film) based emulsions have attracted great attention because they are widely used in oil,paper,food,cosmetics,pharmaceuticals and other fields.This paper summarizes the characteristics of film-forming particles on the oil-water interface such as density,size and wettability,and expounds the adsorption and diffusion of particles on the oil-water interface.The structures of particle film are highlighted,including the distribution and orientation of particles perpendicular to the interface,the arrangement of particles on the oil-water interface and the spatial structures of film.The influencing factors of the state of particles on the oil-water interface as well as the particle film structures are summed up,then the nature of them is analyzed from the aspects of energy and mechanics.The mechanism of particle film stabilizing emulsion is elucidated from the structures of particle film and the interfacial viscoelasticity.The particle film hinders the collision and coalescence between the dispersed droplets,which is the basis of stable emulsions.Meanwhile,strengthened interfacial viscoelasticity makes sure the particle film will not easily collapse during dispersed droplets' movement,collision and flocculation.The mechanism of solid particles stabilizing emulsion as emulsifiers provides a theoretical basis for not only the preparation of stable emulsions but also the demulsification of emulsions,which is of important realistic significance.At last,we propose prospects of future development and possible solutions of the study on the mechanism of particle film stabilizing emulsion.
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