The presence of trace heavy metals ions in an aquatic ecosystem impacts directly or indirectly to biota and human being, which results in an increasing demand for the detection of heavy metal contaminants. This review examines recent development and current status of electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions using nanomaterials modified electrodes and discusses the sensing principles of these modified electrodes. Emphasis is given to important effect of related nanomaterials on the detection of heavy metal ions. Finally, this review outlines key challenges and opportunities with personal perspectives on the directions toward which future development and use might be directed.%本文介绍了近年来纳米材料修饰电极在重金属离子检测中的研究现状，分析了这些修饰电极的特点，重点阐述了纳米材料在重金属离子检测中的重要作用，列举了一些纳米材料修饰电极在重金属离子检测中的应用，最后对纳米材料修饰电极用于重金属离子的检测研究进行了简要评述和展望。
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