作为电化学生物传感器中最重要的研究内容之一，葡萄糖生物传感器在数十年的发展中取得了巨大进展。本文综述了近年来利用纳米技术设计的新型电化学葡萄糖传感器的主要研究进展，并从纳米材料维度分类进行了讨论。其中，零维纳米材料主要讨论了包括金纳米颗粒、银纳米颗粒以及铜、铂等金属纳米颗粒材料；一维纳米材料主要讨论了通过模板法制备的金属或金属氧化物纳米线以及单臂或者多壁纳米管材料；二维纳米材料主要总结了以碳为基础的石墨烯材料和一些片状的金属材料。纳米材料对电化学葡萄糖传感器的影响主要集中在生物相容性、增强检测灵敏度、酶的固定等方面。此外，本文也对电化学葡萄糖传感器的今后发展做了展望。%t As one of the most important researches of electrochemical biosensors, electrochemical glucose biosensors obtained great achievements in the last several decades. The main research is reviewed in this paper, which focused on designing new electrochemical glucose biosensors based on nanotechnology in recent years. It was clarified by the dimensionality of the nanomaterials. Among them, zero-dimensional nanomaterials involving gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and other metal nanoparticles, one-dimensional nanomaterials involving metal or metal oxide nano wires or tubes by template methods and single wall or multi wall carbon nanotubes, two- dimensional nanomaterials involving graphene and other plate-like metal nanomaterials are discussed. The effects of nanomaterials on the electrochemical glucose biosensors are mainly focused on the biocompatibility, enhancement of sensitivity and selectivity, enzyme immobilization, etc. Additionally, the prospects of future development of electrochemical glucose biosensors is also given.
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