Based on the uranium-plutonium fuel cycle,the once-through fuel cycle,closed fuel cycle for thermal reactors and closed fuel cycle for fast reactors are analyzed and compared from the view point of sustainable development of nuclear fission energy.It is pointed out that both the once-through fuel cycle and the closed fuel cycle of thermal reactor could not meet the strategic needs of sustainable development of nuclear energy and fast reactor with multi-recycling of nuclear fuel is the best option to develop the nuclear fission energy in a sustainable way.The present status and the major trend of reprocessing/recycling technologies in the world are introduced and the gap between China and the major nuclear energy countries is evaluated.Keeping the domestic situation in mind,we try to explore the general considerations of the development of nuclear fuel reprocessing/recycling technologies in China and the technical options to be taken.The key techniques to be solved and the associated supporting measures are also proposed.%本文从核裂变能可持续发展的角度,对基于铀-钚循环的核燃料循环体系中的＂一次通过＂循环、热堆闭式循环和快堆闭式循环的特点进行分析和比较,指出＂一次通过＂循环和热堆闭式循环均不能满足核能可持续发展的战略需要,快堆及核燃料多次循环才是我国核裂变能可持续发展的根本出路;介绍了国际上核燃料后处理/再循环的技术现状和主流发展趋势,指出我国在后处理/再循环技术方面与国际先进水平之间的差距;结合我国国情探讨我国核燃料后处理/再循环技术发展的总体构想和拟采取的技术路线,提出需要突破的关键技术问题和相应的配套措施。
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