五四前后,中国知识界围绕唯物史观展开了激烈的论战,争论的议题主要分为三部分,即唯物史观与阶级斗争理论是否自相矛盾、唯物史观是否是经济宿命论,以及唯物史观是否承认个人意志对于社会变革具有能动作用。早期马克思主义传播者针对反马克思主义论者的批评与责难做出了回应,并且在论战中逐步廓清错误认知,不断完善马克思主义理论体系。The Chinese intellectual community conducted an intense debate focusing on historical materialism during the May Fourth Period. The debate was composed of three parts: whether historical materialism and class struggle were contradictory;whether historical materialism was an economic fatalism;and whether such materialism acknowledged that individual wills could play a dynamic role in social reforms. The early prophets of Marxism responded to the criticisms and censures by anti-Marxists and gradually cleaned up their misconceptions during the debate, improving the Marxism system on a continuous basis.
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