The bacterial 16S rRNA V3-V4 region was detected by the Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing, so that the effect of several treatments of flower fertilizers on microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil where contains wax apple during anti-season flower forcing period. Combining with the physicochemical properties of soil,the diversity in microbial community structure was analysed in three different groups,CK Group, IF Group and GM Group respectively. In control group (CK, for short), there is no fertilization. Meanwhile,two different concentrations of fertilization treatments were prepared in IF group(IF group,i.e.,inorganic fertilizer treatment group) and GM group (GM group, i.e. sheep manure organic fertilizer treatment group). As a result, it showed that (1) 10,925 operational taxonomic units (OTU) were detected in all samples, including 239,639 valid sequences, which could be divided into 28 phyla and 411 genera. (2) The diversity index analysis showed that the order of bacterial community diversity was: inorganic fertilizer treatment of medium concentration (IFM) ＞ sheep manure organic fertilizer treatment of low concentration (GML) ＞ inorganic fertilizer treatment of low concentration (IFL) ＞ sheep manure organic fertilizer treatment of medium concentration (GMM) ＞ control group (CK) ＞ inorganic fertilizer of high concentration (IFH) ＞ sheep manure organic fertilizer treatment of high concentration (GMH). Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the main microflora,which accounted for 67.33% of the total species. (3) Under different fertilization conditions,the characteristic analysis of bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soil showed that the specific number of OTU in CK group,IF group and GM group accounted for 0.51%,7.08% and 2.60% respectively,indicating that the different fertilizers treatment had a certain effect on the diversity of soil bacterial communities. Under the treatment of IFH and GMH,the relative abundance of Subgroup_2_norank of Acidobacteria and the JG37-AG-4_norank of Chloroflexi was highest,which was 13.13% and 15.89%,respectively. (4) Correlation thermal imagine analysis for environmental factors showed that the relationship between the five types of microflora(i.e.,Armatimonadetes,Nitrospirae,Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria and Firmicutes) and the environmental factors was as follows,Armatimonadetes has showed a highly significant positive correlation with pH,at the same time,while Nitrospirae has showed a significant negative correlation with TN and OM respectively.Acidobacteria has showed a significant positive correlation with available P, and Actinobacteria has showed a significant positive correlation with available P, and Firmicutes has showed a very significant negative correlation with available P and available K respectively.The study showed that the proper treatment of inorganic fertilizer or sheep manure organic fertilizer could significantly increase the abundance and diversity among pedologic bacteria, which was beneficial for the improvement and maintenance of soil ecological environment.%为了解在反季节催花期间不同催花肥处理下莲雾根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对细菌16S rRNA V3-V4区进行检测,并结合土壤理化性质,比较分析不施肥(CK)与两种不同浓度施肥处理组(IF组,即无机肥处理组;GM组,即羊粪有机肥处理组)下的根际土壤细菌群落结构多样性.结果表明:①所有样品中共检测到10925个 OTU (operational taxonomic unit,操作分类单元),包括239639条有效序列,可分为28个门411个属.②多样性指数分析显示,细菌群落多样性顺序为IFM(中浓度无机肥处理)＞GML(低浓度羊粪有机肥处理)＞IFL(低浓度无机肥处理)＞GMM(中浓度羊粪有机肥处理)＞CK(对照)＞IFH(高浓度无机肥处理)＞GMH(高浓度羊粪有机肥处理).其中,酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为主要菌群,所占比例超过总数的67.33%. ③不同施肥条件下莲雾根际土壤细菌群落结构特征分析显示,CK、IF组和GM组所特有的OTU数量分别占总数的0.51%、7.08%和2.60%,表明不同肥料的添加对土壤细菌群落多样性产生一定的影响,在IFH和GMH处理下,酸杆菌门的Subgroup_2_norank属与绿弯菌门的JG37-AG-4_norank 属的相对丰度最高,分别为13.13%和15.89%. ④环境因子的相关性热图分析表明,装甲菌门(Armatimonadetes)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)、酸杆菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)这五类菌群与不同环境因子的显著性关系如下:装甲菌门群落结构与pH呈现出极显著正相关,硝化螺旋菌门群落结构分别与w(TN)和w(有机质)呈现出显著负相关,酸杆菌门群落结构与w(速效磷)呈现出显著负相关,放线菌门群落结构与w(速效磷)呈现出显著正相关,厚壁菌门群落结构分别与w(速效磷)和w(速效钾)呈现出极显著正相关.研究显示,适量施加无机肥或羊粪有机肥,可以显著提高土壤细菌的丰度和多样性,有利于土壤生态环境的改良与维系.
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