To properly deal with the relationship between regionaldevelopment and ecological safety is the key issue in the strategy of the current Great Western Region Development.With the objective of sustainable development and by using the regional spatial structure theories,the critical factors for promoting regional development and regional spatial evolution under the circumstances of new scientific revolution and industry revolution were analyzed.The necessity to uniformly carry out the benefit principle and social equity principle was also analyzed.On these bases,the extreme significance of ensuring ecological safety in the Great Western Region Development was introduced,and suggestions on establishment of the capacitites and systems to realize “win-win”objectives of regional development and ecological safety were put forward.%正确处理区域发展与生态安全是西部开发战略的关键。以可持续发展为目标的区域空间结构理论，分析了在新一轮科技革命和产业革命的新形势下推动区域发展和区域空间结构演变的决定性因素，以及实行效益原则与社会公平原则相统一的必要性，从中引出西部大开发中确保生态安全的极端重要性。并就实现区域发展与生态安全的双赢目标所必须建立的能力体系和制度体系提出了建议。
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