The best way to solve the resistance difference problem of existing varieties is to make use of the excellent resistance gene in Chinese Wild Vitis shape and good quality cultivation varieties to cultivate high-quality, strong-resistant new varieties. Grape chromosome identification is the foundation for the induction of polyploidy and hybrid breeding. Using the wall degradation hypotonic-tabletting method and improved phenol fuchsin staining method, grape chromosome were identified in the most suitable material and method in grape buds, leaves, stem tip, and apical tendril material. The results show that the bud and root have the most mitotic metaphase cell number, which is most suitable for chromosome flaking material, followed by the tendrils, the stem tip and the young leave tissues. Taking into consideration the difficulty in sampling and the complex degree of the reagent and program method, bud is most suitable for the wall degradation hypotonic- pressure method, and the apical most suitable for improved phenol fuchsin staining method. Thus it provides the most effective reference for grape chromosome identification.%利用具有优良抗逆性状基因的中国野生葡萄与品质好的栽培品种杂交培育优质、抗逆性强的综合性新品种,是解决现有品种存在抗性差问题的有效途径,而染色体鉴定是葡萄多倍体诱导和杂交育种的基础.分别以葡萄的幼芽、茎尖、幼叶、卷须和根尖为材料,利用去壁低渗-压片法和改良苯酚品红染色法探讨葡萄染色体鉴定最适合的材料和方法.结果显示,幼芽和根尖在有丝分裂中期的细胞数最多,最适合做染色体制片的材料,其次为卷须、茎尖和幼叶组织；综合取材难易、试剂及程序方法复杂的程度,去壁低渗-压片法适合取材比较容易的幼芽组织；改良苯酚品红染色法程序适合根尖细胞.为葡萄染色体鉴定提供了最有效的借鉴方法.
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