The Chinese medeka, Oryzias sinensis, was found for the first time in the international importance wetland Napahai Lake,Yunnan,China in June 13~17,2016. This population has conservation biological signifi-cance as Napahai wetland is the highest altitude habitats of this species ever recorded and especially,their popula-tion had sharply declined in native regions since the invasive mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis,was introduced widely to mainland China during the last few decades. Aiming to determine whether this Oryzias are the species O. sinen-sis,the difference of meristic characters and morphometric characteristics between Napahai and Huahongyuan popu-lations(type locality were investigated),and by these data,also to determine whether the alien Oryzias population had any variation after it entered into the new habitats. The result shows that there was significantly difference in several measurements between Napahai and Huahongyuan populations,but by the principal component analysis,is found that the two population has large overlapping in morphometric characteristics,it suggested that the Oryzias in Napahai should be the species O. sinensis and the difference in morphometric characteristics should be the result of the adaptation to their habitats of these two population respectively. On the other hand, it needs to determine by molecular ecology technique whether the difference in morphometric characteristics suggested that population in Napahai might have some adaptation to the highland cold habitats in further study.%濒危鱼类中华青鳉(Oryzias sinensis)种群因食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)的广泛入侵而严重下降,它的任何新种群被发现均具有重要意义.云南国际重要湿地纳帕海中华青鳉种群2016年6月13~17日被首次发现,由于该地为中华青鳉已知海拔最高(约3260 m)的栖息区域,该地种群具有特殊的保护生物学研究价值.为确定其是否为中华青鳉物种及其性状是否发生区域性特化,对该种群进行了分类形态的检视及描述;并将之与模式标本产地种群的可数及可量性状差异进行了比较.分析发现两种群在可数性状基本相似,而在部分可量形态性状上出现统计意义上的显著差异.进一步利用多元统计分析方法研究显示两种群形态性状重叠明显,揭示它们在分类性状上的差异可能是种内不同地理种群适应不同栖息生境所产生分化差异所致,可以确认纳帕海种群为中华青鳉地理种群之一;而形态形状的差异是否暗示纳帕海种群已经发生了适应高原高寒环境的变异则尚待分子遗传学方面的进一步研究.
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