冻土作为四相土体,其物理性质较为复杂,而且对于温度具有很高的敏感性,周期性的温度变化会使冻土路基发生冻胀融沉等病害.因此,在冻土地区修建铁路、公路一直是世界性的难题.在青藏铁路工程中,为了防止多年冻土的融化,维持多年冻土的稳定,热棒路基被广泛采用.众所周知,热棒只能在寒季工作,而暖季不工作.基于热棒的工作原理,再结合半导体制冷的原理,在暖季对热棒的冷凝段加入人工制冷装置,使其温度低于蒸发段的温度,从而驱使热棒工作,达到降低地温的目的.在风火山进行的试验表明,半导体新型热棒能够明显降低活动层的温度,有望在今后冻土区的铁路、公路工程建设中发挥良好的效果.%As the four phase of the soil,frozen soil has very complicated physical properties and a high sensitivity to temperature.Cyclical temperature changes will make permafrost subgrade cause diseases, such as frost heaving and thawing settlement.Therefore, the construction of railway and highway in permafrost soil zone has been a worldwide problem.In order to prevent the thawing of permafrost and to maintain the stability of the permafrost, heat pipe subgrade is widely used in the construction of Qinghai Tibet Railway.As is well known to us, heat pipe can only work in the warm season rather than the cold season.Based on the working principle of the heat pipe and the principle of semiconductor refrigeration, we install artificial refrigeration device on the condensing section of the heat pipe to make its temperature lower than the temperature of the evaporating section, so as to drive heat pipe work and achieve the purpose of decreasing the ground temperature.Tests carried out in the Fenghuo Mountain show that the new semiconductor thermal pipe can significantly reduce the temperature of the active layer and is expected to play a good effect in the construction of railway and highway projects in the permafrost regions.
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