垫片作为法兰长期密封的关键,其型式上的不同会对螺栓间的弹性交互作用产生重大影响.选用石墨金属缠绕式垫片和聚四氟乙烯垫片,采用有限元数值模拟方法,研究顺次、交叉加载方式下垫片内径为100 mm、110 mm、120 mm、134 mm时螺栓间的弹性交互作用规律.建立DN100 PN40法兰实验装置;并验证了模型的准确性.模拟结果表明,随着垫片内径的不断增大,螺栓载荷会发生明显变化,某些螺栓所受弹性交互正、负作用类型会发生转变,弹性交互正、负作用强度会逐渐降低;相较于石墨金属缠绕式垫片,聚四氟乙烯垫片引起的螺栓载荷波动和弹性交互正、负作用强度波动更为剧烈.在两种垫片都适用的工况下,采用顺次加载、内径较大的石墨金属缠绕式垫片能达到更好的密封效果.%The gaskets,as the key of long-term sealing for flanges,its different types can make a significant impact on the elastic interaction between bolts.Metal graphite spiral wound gasket and PTFE gasket were selected,used finite element numerical simulation method,study the elastic interaction with the inside diameter of gaskets for 100 mm,110 mm,120 mm,134 mm under sequence and cross load mode between bolts.DN100 PN40 flange experimental device was established and the accuracy of the model was verified.Simulation results show that with the increasing of the inside diameter of gaskets,the bolt load will change significantly,the elastic interaction types of positive and negative for some bolts will change,and the elastic interaction intensity of positive and negative effects will gradually reduce.Compared with metal graphite spiral wound gasket,the bolt load fluctuations and elastic interaction intensity fluctuations are more intense caused by PTFE gasket.Under the condition which two types′ gaskets are applicable,the metal graphite spiral wound gasket with large inside diameter can achieve a better sealing effect under sequence load mode.
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