由于长距离天然气管道输送需要依靠压缩机提供能量,而天然气管道的实际运行状态是不断变化的,稳态优化技术已无法满足管道的实际运行情况,瞬态优化技术应运而生.在满足用户需求的前提下,如何选择压缩机组合,制定最优运行方案,使压缩机能耗最低,是天然气管道运行管理的关键;因此研究天然气管道系统瞬态运行优化技术成为了管道输送至关重要的课题.为此,在调研大量文献的基础上,分别从目标函数、约束条件和优化变量三个方面总结了瞬态运行优化问题采用的数学模型及其特点和局限,分析了模型的主要算法、典型算例及其应用效果.最后根据天然气管道瞬态运行优化技术的发展趋势,提出以下建议:① 进一步考虑管道元件和特殊工况对运行状态的影响,建立更贴近实际运行状态的数学模型;② 后续的研究应注重结合不同的优化算法,提高求解效率,研究更具通用性的求解方法.%As long-distance pipeline transportation of natural gas requires energy supply from compressors and the actual operation condition of pipeline is a function of time, transient optimization technique is more suitable for real condition of gas pipeline transportation than steady one.On the premise of satisfying customer demands, how to appropriately select compressor pattern to achieve optimal operation and minimal energy consumption is key for pipeline operation management.Therefore, it is of great importance to conduct transient operation optimization analysis of natural gas pipeline system.Based on detailed literature review, typical transient operation optimal models combined with their characteristics and limitations are summarized from three aspects (object function, constraints and optimization variables), and the major algorithm, typical cases and application results are analyzed.According to the further prospect of pipeline transient operation optimization, suggestions are as follows: the influence of piping components and special working conditions should be considered and the mathematical model that is more close to the real operation condition is required;the future work should be focused on combining different optimization algorithms to improve the efficiency of solutions and attaining highly appropriate solutions.
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