针对当前土壤污染研究中存在的问题,对瑞典学者(Hakanson)评价土壤污染的潜在生态危害指数法进行了改进.并提出了一种模糊识别土壤重金属污染的方法.采用该方法对山东省东部地区土壤重金属潜在生态风险进行了评价.结果表明:本区土壤重金属元素污染程度为Hg＞ Cd ＞Cu ＞Pb ＞Zn＞ Cr ＞As.而重金属潜在生态风险大小则依次为Hg＞ Cd＞ As＞Pb ＞Cu ＞Cr＞Zn.总体来看,山东省东部地区存在一定程度的重金属污染,其潜在生态风险为强和很强的土壤占13.75％.这种综合危害特征主要受Hg和Cd元素制约,主要分布在莱州—招远—烟台和牟平—乳山金矿集中区以及人口密集的城镇地带,且已对农作物安全产生影响.认为地质背景和人类活动(采金污染、工业生产、城市人口密集生活等)的共同作用,是造成局部环境中潜在生态风险较高的主要原因.%A method that is able to vaguely evaluate weight metal pollution in soil to solve the occuring soil pollution problems during its development is presented. The potential environmental damage parameter which was proposed by Hakanson, a researcher from Sweden, no calculating the potential risk of weight metals. The presented method was adapted to investigate the potential environment risk of weight metals in soil of east Shandong province. The results demonstrate that the degree of heavy metal pollution in soil in study area is as the decreasing order of Hg > Cd > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cr > As. Particularly, the potential environment risk of weight metals is identified as the order of havey Hg > Cd > As > Pb > Cu > Cr > Zn. A certain degree of heavy metal pollution occurred in the east Shandong province, leading to the 13. 75% soil with the high potential environment risk caused by heavy metal pollution. The combined features of damage were constrained by Hg and Cd, distributed to the area of Laizhou-Zhaoyuan-Yantai and Mouping-Rushan areas of gold mines and towns with a large population. The crop production in safety has already been affected. It is considered that the geological background and human activities (including pollution from gold exploration, industry, the city with a dense population) are the main factors resulting in the high potential environment risk in the located area.
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