在厚壁压力容器器壁上开孔,不但削弱了容器的强度,而且导致容器局部应力集中,成为容器破坏的重要因素之一.标准设计中考虑容器开孔补强的安全性尽管有了一系列规定,但对影响安全诸因素的随机性考虑较少.而可靠性设计把影响安全的参数作为随机变量,依据概率统计把安全性与经济性统一进行设计计算.通过实例计算与分析对比表明,可靠性设计在保证可控的故障概率下,容器的成本投资相对常规设计计算得到了进一步优化,符合工程实际的现实要求.%If there is a hole on the thick wall pressure vessel, it not only weakens strength of vessel, but also causes local stress concentration, that becomes one of important factors of destroyed vessels. There are a series of regulations when the safety of vessel is considered in standard design are despited, but the influence of the safe factors' randomness is considered less. Yet reliability design takes the influence of the safe parameters as random variables and unifies the safety and economic to design and calculate according to probability and statistics. Through the calculation and analysis, it indicates that reliability design makes the failure probability under control and the cost investment of the vessel has been further optimization compared with routine design calculation. It is in keeping with the requirements of engineering practice.
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