本文通过对水位下降条件下的覆盖型岩溶塌陷的受力分析，确定了致塌临界流速的计算公式，及其相关的影响因素，并得出了岩溶水位下降导致岩溶塌陷形成的原因：地下水的压能向动能转化，同时又由于渗流作用，存在能量损失，导致塌陷土体下表面所受的水压力降低，进而形成岩溶塌陷。%The paper has determined the calculation formula of critical flow velocity for collapse and relevant influencing factors by analyzing the stress of the covered karst collapse under the condition of water level decline and found out how the collapse is formed: the karst collapse is formed as the water pressure on the lower surface of the collapse soil mass is decreased along with the energy loss that is produced by the pressure-kinetic energy conversion of the groundwater and under the seepage effect.
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