区域试验是小麦品种审定和新品种推广的重要环节,区试材料能在一定程度上反映小麦育种的水平和发展趋势.本研究对2014年山东省小麦旱地区试的40个小麦品系进行初步的遗传多样性分析,结果显示:(1)42对引物共检测出113个等位基因变异,平均等位变异丰富度(2.69)、基因多样性(0.27)、多态性信息含量(0.22)等指标显示群体遗传多样性较低.(2)在小麦三个亚基因组遗传多样性比较分析中,其平均等位变异丰富度表现为:A＜B＜D;而在基因多样性和多态性信息含量上均是:A＞B＞D.进一步对七个同源群进行遗传多样性分析发现,在平均等位变异丰富度上,7＜3＜1=4＜6＜5＜2;而在基因多样性和多态性信息含量上,均是3＜7＜2＜4＜5＜6＜1.对三个指标进行权衡之后,研究认为该群体遗传多样性水平在三个亚基因组间或七个同源群间没有明显差异.(3)40个小麦品系间遗传相似系数的平均值高达0.43,说明材料间的遗传差异较小,亲缘关系较近.(4)40个参试品系与鲁麦21、青麦6号的遗传相似系数分别为0.45、0.46,均明显高于与济麦22的遗传相似系数(0.41).(5)聚类分析表明供试群体没有明显的亚群分类.总体而言,研究结果对山东省旱地小麦育种具有一定的理论指导意义.%Regional trial is an important step during variety certification and popularization of wheat.The regional trial material can reflect the level and development tendency of wheat breeding to some extent.The genetic diversity analysis of 40 wheat lines from dryland regional trials in 2014 was conducted in this study.The results showed that 113 allelic variations were detected by 42 SSRs.The average genetic richness (2.69),genetic diversity (0.27),and polymorphic information content (0.22) all showed that the population genetic diversity level was relatively low.The genetic diversity analysis among the three subgenomes showed that the average genetic richness was arranged in the order of A ＜ B ＜ D,while the genetic diversity and polymorphic information content were both arranged in the order of A ＞ B ＞ D.The genetic diversity analysis among the seven homoeologous groups showed that the average genetic richness was arranged in the order of 7 ＜ 3 ＜ 1 =4 ＜6 ＜ 5 ＜ 2,while the genetic diversity and polymorphic information content were both arranged in the order of 3 ＜ 7 ＜ 2 ＜ 4 ＜ 5 ＜ 6 ＜ 1.Integrating the three indexes,the population genetic diversity level had no obvious difference among the three subgenomes or the seven homoeologous groups.The genetic similarity index among the 40 lines reached up to 0.43,which indicated that the genetic difference was relatively little and the genetic relationship was relatively close.The genetic similarity index between 40 lines with Lumai 21 and Qingmai 6 was 0.45 and 0.46 respectively,which were both higher than that between tested lines with Jimnai 22 (0.41).The cluster analysis showed that there was no obvious subpopulations in the tested population.In conclusion,this study had some guidance meaning for the dryland wheat breeding in Shandong Province.
展开▼
