The cases of human infection caused by avian influenza A (H7N9) virus are first reported in Shanghai in March 2013. It was caused by a novel reassortant avian-origin H7N9 virus which was first discovered by the key laboratory of Shanghai public health clinical center and finally confirmed by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. All three patients were died of severe and fatal respiratory disease. The situation raises many urgent questions and global public health concerns due to limited knowledge about it. We briefly reviewed the epidemiology, clinical feature, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The source of infection is from birds and the mode of transmission is by respiratory transmission. The clinical features of human infection caused by avian influenza A (H7N9) virus include fulminant pneumonia, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan failure. The confirmed evidence is that isolation of H7N9 virus RNA from respiratory specimens by RT-PCR. The anti-influenza drugs known as neuraminidase inhibitors (oral oseltamivir and inhaled zanamivir) are the first choice and should be administered to patients with suspected or confirmed avian influenza A (H7N9) virus infection as soon as possible, best within 48 hours of onset.% 2013年3月中国上海首先报道了人感染H7N9禽流感病例，这是由上海市公共卫生临床中心应急实验室首先发现，经中国疾病预防控制中心确认的新型重配禽流感病毒H7N9亚型所引起的人感染病例，在患者呼吸道标本中检测到该病毒，该病毒可引起快速进展的重症肺炎及多脏器功能衰竭，3例病例均已死亡。由于这是一种新的病毒引起的禽源性呼吸道传染病，人类所知有限，引起全世界的关注。本文根据已获得的资料，从流行病学、临床表现、诊断与治疗等方面对该新发现的疾病做一介绍。该病在流行病学上有禽类接触史，经呼吸道传播；临床表现为快速进展的重症肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、多器官功能障碍等；确诊依据是患者呼吸道标本采用RT-PCR检测H7N9禽流感病毒核酸；治疗上尽量在发病48 h内首选奥司他韦或扎那米韦抗病毒治疗。
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