船舶动力技术水平关系到国家经济发展与军事安全,其中实现其发动机排气余热高效利用是一项关键技术.船舶具有多种余热利用的途径,现代船舶对于电能的需求越来越大,利用余热进行发电具有前景.超临界二氧化碳具有良好的密度和流动特性,可在中低温区实现高效的涡轮机械作功,相比温差发电或燃气轮机发电具有明确的效率优势.本文对比分析了超临界二氧化碳涡轮发电的发展现状和关键技术,并针对船舶参数开展30 kW级超临界二氧化碳涡轮发电机的研制,在氮吹试验中实现了36 kW/36.5 kr/min的功率输出,可进一步验证并推进超临界二氧化碳涡轮发电在船舶余热利用上的发展.%The level of ship power equipment is key issue of State economy and military. One of the key technologies is waste-heat utilization of engine exhaust emission. Electrical energy is more and more important in modern ship, generating electricity from the waste heat is promising. With good characteristic of density and fluxion, supercritical carbon dioxide shows efficient power ability in the low temperature zone, having huge advantage than thermoelectric and combustion gas turbine. The development and technology are investigated of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine generator. A 30 kWs proto-type is developed according to the ship parameters. The turbine generator maximum outputs 36 kW/36.5 kr/min during ex-periment using nitrogen, which can make advance on waste-heat utilization in ship.
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