Smallholder labor system consisting of mutual aid, labor exchange and hired labor is the basis of navel orange industry in W village of western Hubei Province. The smallholder labor system works under balance and trust mechanism, which is embedded in village acquaintance society and appears as moral economy. However, farmer's rational economy goal drives the operation of smallholder labor system when smallholder labor system also embeds in the market⁃oriented agricultural development structure. Through full mobilization of the moral economy, smallholder labor system provides a low cost and highly stable labor force configuration system, which reduces the costs and risks and promotes the reproduction of acquaintance society.%帮工、换工和雇工构成的小农用工体系是鄂西W村脐橙产业发展的基础。小农用工体系嵌入村庄熟人社会，以熟人社会的平衡机制和信任机制作为运行逻辑，呈现出道义经济色彩。但是，小农用工体系同时嵌入市场化的产业发展结构，农民的理性经济目标也构成小农用工体系的运行动力。通过充分动员道义经济，小农用工体系为农民提供了低成本、高稳定的劳力配置方式，降低了农业生产的成本与风险，促进了熟人社会秩序的再生产。
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