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首页> 中文期刊> 《中国土壤与肥料》 >有机肥及DMPP对蔬菜生产及硝态氮淋失的影响

有机肥及DMPP对蔬菜生产及硝态氮淋失的影响

         
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摘要

The influence of organic and inorganic fertilizers and DMPP addition on vegetable yield, quality and soil nitrate and nitrate leaching was studied under the conditions of equal nitrogen rate, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the vegetable safety production and environmental quality of groundwater protection. Three vegetables were planted continuously (swamp cabbage, amaranth and radish) inlarge undisturbed soil column system, and on the basis of the percentage of nitrogen amount in organic fertilizer to total nitrogen, 8 fertilizer treatments were designed: no fertilizer (CK), pure chem-ical fertilizer (CF), 30% organic manure+70% inorganic fertilizer (30% OM), 50% organic fertilizer+50% inorganic fertilizer (50% OM), 70% organic fertilizer +30% inorganic fertilizer (70% OM), pure chemical fertilizer + DMPP(CF+DMPP), 30% organic fertilizer+70% inorganic fertilizer+DMPP (30% OM+DMPP) and 50% organic fertilizer+50% inorganic fertilizer +DMPP (50% OM +DMPP). Results showed that vegetable production had the tendency to decrease, when the ratio of organic manure was less than 50%, yield reduction was not obvious; at the same time, nitrate content in vegetable and nitrate nitrogen leaching loss were decreased with the ratio of organic manure increased, when 50% N was applied with organic fertilizer, compared to pure chemical fertilizer treatment, the average nitrate concentration in soil leaching water and leaching amount were significantly reduced by 29.29% and 25.39%, apparent nitrogen leaching rate and nitrogen apparent utilization rate were 8.82% and 22.60%, respectively. The influence of nitrification inhibitor DMPP on vegetables production and quality was changeable according to different vegetable and planting season. The reduction effect on soil nitrate nitrogen leaching was CF+DMPP<30% OM+DMPP<50% OM+DMPP, but the inhibitory effect of DMPP decreased with the increase of the proportion of organic fertilizer. The apparent nitrogen leaching rate and nitrogen apparent utilization rate in 50% OM +DMPP were 4.70% and 26.26%, respectively. During the planting period, the moisture input (irrigation and rainfall) for vegetables accounted for 49.82% ( swamp cabbage), 23.03% (amaranth) and 27.15% (radish) of the total water input, respectively. Water leaching amount accounted for 46.75%, 19.66% and 33.59% of the total amount of leaching, respectively. Nitrate leaching amount accounted for 73.77% (swamp cabbage), 2.31% (amaranth) and 23.92% (radish) of the total nitrate leaching, respectively. Our results indicated that consider-ing of both vegetable quality and soil nitrate leaching amount, the best treatment was 50% OM+DMPP. Rainfall and ferti-lization are important factors for soil nitrate leaching, to apply organic fertilizer and DMPP reasonably according to vegetable growth characteristics can effectively counter the loss of nitrate leaching due to continuous rainfall.%研究在等氮条件下有机无机肥配施及添加硝化抑制剂DMPP (3, 4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐) 对蔬菜产量、品质及土壤硝态氮淋失的影响,旨在为蔬菜安全生产和地下水环境质量保护提供理论依据.采用大型原状土柱系统,连续种植3季蔬菜 (蕹菜、苋菜和萝卜),以施有机肥的氮素量占总氮施用量的质量分数为依据,设置8个施肥处理:不施肥 (CK)、纯化肥 (CF)、30%有机肥 +70%无机肥 (30% OM)、50%有机肥 +50%无机肥(50% OM)、70%有机肥+30%无机肥 (70% OM)、纯化肥+DMPP (CF+DMPP)、30%有机肥+70%无机肥+DMPP (30% OM+DMPP) 和50%有机肥+50%无机肥+DMPP (50% OM+DMPP).结果表明:1) 随有机肥施用比例增大,蔬菜产量呈下降趋势,但施用比例不高于50%时产量下降不显著;随有机肥施用比例增大土壤硝态氮淋失量及蔬菜硝酸盐均降低,50% OM处理土壤淋失液硝态氮平均浓度及淋失量较CF处理显著降低了29.29%和25.39%,氮肥表观利用率及表观淋失率分别为22.60%和8.82%.2) 硝化抑制剂DMPP对蔬菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响与蔬菜种类和种植季候密切相关,降低土壤硝态氮淋失的效果为CF+DMPP <30% OM+DMPP <50% OM+DMPP,但DMPP的抑制效果会随有机肥的比例增加而降低.50% OM+DMPP处理氮肥表观淋失率和表观利用率分别为4.70%和26.26%.3) 试验期间,3季蔬菜水分输入 (降雨和灌溉) 分别为总水分输入量的49.82% (蕹菜季)、23.03% (苋菜季) 和27.15% (萝卜季);水分淋失量为总淋失量的46.75% (蕹菜季)、19.66% (苋菜季) 和33.59% (萝卜季);硝态氮淋失量为总淋失量的73.77% (蕹菜季)、2.31% (苋菜季) 和23.92% (萝卜季).研究表明,50% OM+DMPP处理,是保证蔬菜产量品质,同时有效降低土壤硝态氮淋失量的最优处理;降雨和施肥措施是影响土壤硝态氮淋失的重要因素,合理配施有机肥及添加DMPP并根据蔬菜生长需肥特性进行施肥能有效应对连续降雨造成的硝态氮大量淋失.

著录项

  • 来源
    《中国土壤与肥料》 |2018年第2期|118-126|共9页
  • 作者

    李晓兰; 兰翔; 潘振鹏; 孙冠利; 谭启玲; 胡承孝; 孙学成;

  • 作者单位

    华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070;

    新型肥料湖北省工程实验室,湖北 武汉 430070;

    华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070;

    华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070;

    华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070;

    华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070;

    新型肥料湖北省工程实验室,湖北 武汉 430070;

    华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070;

    新型肥料湖北省工程实验室,湖北 武汉 430070;

    华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070;

    华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,湖北 武汉 430070;

  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 chi
  • 中图分类 有机无机复合肥料;其他;
  • 关键词

    有机无机肥; DMPP; 蔬菜; 硝态氮; 淋失;

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