This paper reviewed the history of Chinese microbial fertilizer industry and divided it into 3 stages by the efficient microbial species, the species composition and the main function of microbial fertilizers. The hot issues and stage features of each stage were summarized. On this basis, combined with the significant demand for food safety, the important issues of in-novation for the third generation microbial fertilizer were discussed.%概要回顾了我国微生物肥料产品发展历程，并以产品有效菌的菌种种类、菌种组成和肥料功能为主线将之归纳为3个发展阶段；对各发展阶段的研发热点和典型特征进行了总结。在此基础上，结合食品安全的重大需求，讨论了第三代微生物肥料创新中的重要问题。
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