选择长期种植黄瓜并发生根结线虫病的大棚,设计生物质炭施用量为0(C0)、24(C1)、48(C2)t/hm2的田间试验,研究生物质炭对黄瓜生长、品质以及根结线虫病的影响.结果表明:生物质炭显著提高了土壤有机质、全氮、铵态氮、速效钾含量和pH,同时降低土壤体积质量11.0%以上,C2处理黄瓜根系生物量较C0显著增加了56.9%.与C0相比,C2处理显著增加黄瓜可溶性糖和有机酸含量25.0%和17.6%,C1处理显著降低黄瓜硝酸盐含量25.5%.C2处理黄瓜根系单株卵块数比C0增加了3.8倍.施用生物质炭对黄瓜产量没有显著影响.研究结果说明,蔬菜大棚土壤中施用生物质炭可改善土壤理化性状,提高黄瓜品质,但有增加根系卵块数的趋势.由于生物质炭与土壤、作物的相互作用会随时间的变化而改变,因此,生物质炭对大棚黄瓜品质和根结线虫病的影响效应需进一步长期观测.%In order to explore the effects of biochar on the quality and the root-knot nematode of cucumber, an experiment was conducted in a plastic greenhouse with serious root-knot nematode disease after long-term of cucumber planting with three levels of biochar amendment designed as follows: C0 (no biochar, CK), C1 (biochar 24 t/hm2) and C2 (biochar 48 t/hm2). The results indicated that biochar addition significantly increased soil organic matter, total N, NH4+, available K and pH, and decreased soil bulk density by more than 11.0%. Compared to CK, C2 treatment enhanced cucumber root biomass, soluble sugar content, organic acid content, egg masses by 56.9%, 25.0%, 17.6% and 3.8 times, respectively, while C1 treatment decreased nitrate content by 25.5%. However, biochar had no significant effect on cucumber yield. The experiment indicated that biochar can improve soil properties, enhance cucumber quality, while increase the egg masses on cucumber roots. However, long-term observation is necessary in the future studies because the interaction of biochar-soil-crop system is changeable with time.
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