Based on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2013), we estimate the effect of married children on maternal health. The estimation is based on causality identification of the family planning policy of ethic disparity and rural-urban disparity to overcome the endogeneity of children number. The findings show: 1. for the mothers with married children, the increase in the number of children can significantly reduce their probability of underweight and low blood pressure but raise the probability of high blood pressure. Generally speaking, the increase of children does not improve mother’s health;2. For the older women over their age of 60, the increase in the number of children can significantly reduce the probability of underweight, low blood pressure and obesity but increase the probability of high blood pressure, and in general the increase of children significantly improve mother’s health.%本文基于CHARLS 2013年全国追踪调查数据分析了已婚子女对母亲健康的影响。为了克服子女数量所带来的内生性，本文基于计划生育政策在民族和城乡之间的差别进行因果识别。研究结果表明，对于子女都已成家的母亲来说，子女数量的增加会显著降低偏瘦和低血压的概率，提高高血压的概率，总体上不会显著提高身体健康的概率。但是对于60岁以上的老龄女性而言，子女数量的增加会显著降低偏瘦、低血压和肥胖的概率，提高高血压的概率，并且在总体上会显著提高身体健康的概率。
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