When the manned spacecraft can not go on flying under normal flight scheme after a fai-lure occurred on orbit,the emergency flight scheme should be designed to insurance the safety of the astronaut and the established target of the mission.A construction method of emergency flight schemes based on identified matrix of emergency flight mode is proposed.The identified matrix takes the system failure mode as index,which can cover the full system functions and whole flight phase of the manned spacecraft from two dimensions of static and dynamic.The emergency flight scheme is defined for each identified emergency flight mode,and the emergency flight schemes database are constructed.This method is successfully used in the design of emer-gency flight scheme for Tianzhou-1 cargo spaceship,and the method and results can be used for the emergency flight scheme design of other spacecraft.%载人航天器在轨飞行过程中出现故障、不能按照正常飞行方案继续飞行时,需要快速决策采用预先设计的应急飞行方案,以确保航天员的安全,并尽可能完成既定飞行任务.文章提出了一种基于应急飞行模式识别矩阵的应急飞行方案库构建方法,即以系统级故障模式为线索,建立应急飞行模式识别矩阵,从静态和动态两个维度覆盖载人航天器全部系统功能和整个飞行阶段,对识别出的应急飞行模式设计相应的应急飞行方案,形成应急飞行方案库.该方法成功应用于天舟一号货运飞船应急飞行方案设计,其研究思路和成果也可推广应用于其他航天器的应急飞行方案设计.
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