The LUNA-Glob-1 lander,to be launched in 2015,will focus on testing soft landing technologies.The LUNA-Glob-2 orbiter,to be launched in 2016,will explore the Moon at the altitudes of 500km,150km and 50kim.The LUNA-Resource-1 lander to be launched in 2017,will be a heavily-laden and heavily-tasked surface research station.Compared with the Soviet Union's lunohods,new Russian lunohods,such as Lunohod-3 on LUNA-Resource-2 and Lunohod-4 on LUNA-Resource-3,will carry much more advanced scientific payloads,which enable more accurate analysis of the collected samples' composition and spectrum,etc.The operation modes include roving,reconnaissance,approaching and contacting targets,and sample analysis.Through surface operation and investigation,new lunohods will comprehensively explore the surface environment of the lunar polar areas.Combined with the instructions of Russian LUNA-Glob and LU-NA-Resource lunar exploration missions,some suggestions are put forward for China's lunar ex ploration program to lay the foundation for an independent lunar scientific system,including implementing the missions for the scientific research,establishing a base on the moon as an objective,learning from the international experiences of lunar exploration,and developing international cooperations.%俄罗斯月球-全球-1着陆器将于2015年发射,主要目的是测试月球着陆器的软着陆技术.月球-全球-2轨道器计划于2016年发射,将先后在距月面500 km、150 km和50 km的高度上飞行.2017年计划发射的月球-资源-1着陆器,将是搭载大量科学载荷和承担相应探测任务的月面科学研究站.与苏联时期所研制的月球车相比,分别在月球-资源-2和月球-资源-3着陆器上搭载的俄罗斯新一代月球车——月球车-3和月球车-4,将携带更加先进的科学仪器,能够精确分析采集样品的化学成分、光谱特征等.其运行模式包括行走、勘察、接近目标、接触目标和样品采集与分析,将对月球极区表面环境进行全面探测.结合对俄罗斯“月球-全球”和“月球-资源”探月任务的介绍,针对中国的探月计划提出如下建议:探月任务的实施,应以科学研究为主要目的,以建立月球基地为目标,借鉴国外探月技术,开展国际合作,为形成独立的月球科学体系打下坚实基础.
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