In order to investigate how the temperature impacts the optical performance of a space camera, the current paper carries out the thermal optical analysis on the space camera based upon the temperature data from the thermal balance test in vacuum, and accomplishes the inversion research on temperature field, thermal distortion analyzing, optical performance analyzing, and data comparing between simulation and test orderly. The results indicate that temperature is one of the prime effect factors to the optical performance of the camera, and to control the temperature of the main structural and optical components under design values can greatly restrain the thermal distortion influences on the optical performance. For obtaining better in-orbit imaging performance, it is necessary to adopt the reasonable thermal control and refocus for the camera when its focal plane deflects from its initial location caused by the thermal distortion.%为研究某空间相机温度场变化对光学系统性能的影响，利用该空间相机热平衡试验温度测试结果，开展了相机光机主体的热光学集成分析，并依次完成了相机温度场反演、热变形分析、光学系统性能分析，以及热光学分析结果同试验测试结果的对比。结果表明：温度是影响该相机光学系统性能的主要因素之一；将光机主体温度控制在设计值能够最大程度上减小热变形对于相机光学系统性能的影响；而当光机主体温度发生变化时，热变形会使得相机焦面偏离初始焦面位置，因此需要对相机进行合理的温控设计并配合焦面调焦来满足在轨成像的需要。
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