S100A4 belongs to S100 protein family ,which is a sort of calcium binding protein with EF double helix domain .S100A4 expresses in kinds of tumor and stem cells of human rather than normal somatocytes .Related investigation suggested that the expression of S 100A4 is relative to paraplasm of cells and development of tumor .S100A4 also involves in the invasion and metastasis of tumor cell .Besides ,it can promote the formation of blood vessel in tumor region .Our research group found that S100A4 presents in cervinus antlerogenic periosteum (AP) and pedicle periosteum(PP) tissues .The processes of proliferation ,growth and differentiation are controlled strictly from velvet stem cell to antler with regu-lar shape ,but without abnormal invasion and metastasis ,which are different from tumor cells doing .Antler is the unique organ regenerating in-termitly among mammals ,which attracts more and more attention to the mechanism of regeneration .As a multiple functional protein highly ex-pressing in rapid proliferative cells ,S100A4 brings us a new research direction for development and regeneration mechanism of antler .%S100A4是S100蛋白家族成员之一，是一种具有EF双螺旋结构域的Ca2＋结合蛋白。S100A4在多数成体组织细胞中不表达，在多种肿瘤和干细胞等增殖细胞内高度表达。相关研究表明，S100A4蛋白的表达与细胞的异常增生及肿瘤的发生、发展有关，并可促进肿瘤细胞的转移、侵入以及瘤区血管的生成。本研究组发现，S100A4在鹿生茸区骨膜（鹿茸发生的组织基础）和角柄骨膜（鹿茸再生的组织基础）的组织细胞中均大量存在。与肿瘤细胞不同的是，鹿茸干细胞并没有因为S100A4的表达而发生异常的侵入和转移，其增殖、生长直至分化为形状规则的完整鹿茸受到了严格的调控。鹿茸是哺乳动物中唯一可以周期性再生的复杂器官，其再生的机制引起了越来越多的关注，S100A4作为一种在快速增殖细胞中高度表达的多功能蛋白，为我们揭示鹿茸的发生与再生机制提供了一个新的研究方向。
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