表面增强拉曼散射(surface enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)是通过吸附在粗糙金属表面或金属纳米结构上的分子与金属表面发生的等离子共振(SPR)相互作用而引起的拉曼散射增强现象,是一种高灵敏的探测界面特性和分子间相互作用的光谱手段.文章归纳总结了近年来常用的SERS衬底的制备方法(溶液中的金属溶胶(MNPs in suspension)、金属纳米粒子的自组装(self-assembly)、模板法(Template method)和纳米光刻法(Nanolithographic)等；综述了这些衬底的表面增强拉曼特性；着重介绍了SERS增强在环境监测和生物医学应用上的最新国内外研究动态.目前已经能够实现增强因子高、可靠性好、重现性强的SERS衬底的可控制备,表明SERS可以作为一种高性能的分析探测工具,充分实现其潜在应用价值.%Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a surface sensitive and vibrational phenomena characterized by increased Raman scattering from surface plasma resonance (SPR) interaction between molecules that are located on or near roughened metal surfaces and metal nanostructures.First,the commonly fabricating methods (MNPs in suspension; self-assembly; template techniques and nanolithographic) and performance of SERS substrates are reviewed in detail.Second,some applications of SERS to biomedicine and environmental analysis are introduced.It is shown that SERS substrate with highly enhancement factor,good reliability and reproducibility can be fabricated,so that the potential application of this technique can be achieved.
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